{"id":4464,"date":"2026-10-02T14:43:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T14:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arelianews.com\/?p=4464"},"modified":"2026-10-02T14:45:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T14:45:48","slug":"centres-de-donnees-en-galice-demande-de-puissance-electrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arelianews.com\/fr\/energia\/centros-datos-galicia-demanda-potencia-electrica\/","title":{"rendered":"Les centres de donn\u00e9es font exploser la demande d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en Galice et mettent le r\u00e9seau \u00e0 l'\u00e9preuve."},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4464\" class=\"elementor elementor-4464\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fff514f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-420634b\" data-id=\"fff514f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"fff514f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a35205e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a35205e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Les centres de donn\u00e9es font exploser la demande d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en Galice et mettent le r\u00e9seau \u00e0 l'\u00e9preuve.<\/h1><p>La Galice s'affirme comme l'un des territoires pr\u00e9sentant un potentiel pour le d\u00e9veloppement de centres de donn\u00e9es, mais l'augmentation des demandes de puissance \u00e9lectrique pose de nouveaux d\u00e9fis au r\u00e9seau.<\/p><p>L'essor des centres de donn\u00e9es li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'intelligence artificielle, au cloud et \u00e0 la num\u00e9risation accro\u00eet les besoins en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en Espagne. La Galice n'\u00e9chappe pas \u00e0 cette tendance : divers projets li\u00e9s \u00e0 ces infrastructures sollicitent un acc\u00e8s au r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique ainsi que de la capacit\u00e9, dans un contexte o\u00f9 la disponibilit\u00e9 de puissance est devenue l'un des principaux facteurs d\u00e9terminant leur lieu d'implantation.<\/p><p>Cette situation met en lumi\u00e8re une question de plus en plus cruciale : la capacit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 absorber une nouvelle demande de grande ampleur sans compromettre la stabilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me ni \u00e9vincer d'autres projets industriels.<\/p><h2>Les centres de donn\u00e9es concentrent d\u00e9j\u00e0 une part importante de la nouvelle demande.<\/h2><p>Les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es publi\u00e9es par Red El\u00e9ctrica illustrent l'ampleur que prend ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne en Espagne. Au 1er octobre 2026, les centres de donn\u00e9es concentraient 34,2 % de la capacit\u00e9 d'acc\u00e8s totale accord\u00e9e sur le r\u00e9seau de transport pour les nouvelles demandes, soit 6 328 MW attribu\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Selon Red El\u00e9ctrica, aucun des 6 328 MW correspondant \u00e0 des centres de donn\u00e9es n'\u00e9tait encore entr\u00e9 en service. Au total, la capacit\u00e9 d'acc\u00e8s accord\u00e9e pour la demande sur le r\u00e9seau de transport atteignait 18,52 GW, dont 11,05 GW correspondaient \u00e0 des installations non encore op\u00e9rationnelles.<\/p><p>Cette donn\u00e9e refl\u00e8te \u00e0 quel point les centres de donn\u00e9es sont devenus un nouveau consommateur potentiel majeur d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et explique en partie la pression que subissent certains points du r\u00e9seau.<\/p><h2>La Galice cherche \u00e0 exploiter son potentiel \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/h2><p>Le cas de la Galice pr\u00e9sente par ailleurs une caract\u00e9ristique particuli\u00e8re : la communaut\u00e9 dispose d'une capacit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e de production d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable.<\/p><p>Selon les donn\u00e9es de Red El\u00e9ctrica pour l'ann\u00e9e 2025, la Galice a cl\u00f4tur\u00e9 l'ann\u00e9e avec une puissance install\u00e9e de 9 892 MW, dont environ 82 % provenaient de technologies renouvelables. L'\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne repr\u00e9sentait 40,7 % de la puissance install\u00e9e et l'\u00e9nergie hydraulique 37,7 %.<\/p><p>Cette disponibilit\u00e9 de production d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable peut constituer un atout pour les projets n\u00e9cessitant d'importantes quantit\u00e9s d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, en particulier dans un contexte o\u00f9 les entreprises et les administrations cherchent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l'impact environnemental li\u00e9 \u00e0 l'essor de l'intelligence artificielle et des services num\u00e9riques.<\/p><p>Toutefois, disposer de capacit\u00e9s de production renouvelable ne signifie pas n\u00e9cessairement qu'il existe une capacit\u00e9 suffisante pour raccorder de nouveaux grands consommateurs. La production, le r\u00e9seau de transport, la distribution et la capacit\u00e9 d'acc\u00e8s doivent \u00eatre coordonn\u00e9s.<\/p><h2>Le nouveau goulot d'\u00e9tranglement : obtenir de la puissance<\/h2><p>La disponibilit\u00e9 de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 devient ainsi l'un des facteurs d\u00e9terminant l'implantation des nouveaux centres de donn\u00e9es.<\/p><p>\u00c0 certains n\u0153uds du r\u00e9seau espagnol, les demandes de raccordement exc\u00e8dent la capacit\u00e9 disponible. Cette situation a d\u00e9j\u00e0 conduit le minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique \u00e0 organiser des appels d'offres pour attribuer de la capacit\u00e9 sur certains points du r\u00e9seau, notamment au n\u0153ud de Nuevo Vigo, en Galice, qui disposait de 182 MW de capacit\u00e9 lors de l'une de ces proc\u00e9dures.<\/p><p>Le probl\u00e8me ne touche pas uniquement les centres de donn\u00e9es. Les industries, les projets d'\u00e9lectrification, les infrastructures ferroviaires et d'autres installations ont \u00e9galement besoin de nouveaux raccordements au r\u00e9seau.<\/p><p>C'est pourquoi l'essor des centres de donn\u00e9es suscite un d\u00e9bat sur la mani\u00e8re de r\u00e9partir une capacit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique qui, dans certaines zones, est limit\u00e9e.<\/p><h2>L'intelligence artificielle accro\u00eet les besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/h2><p>La croissance de la demande est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'expansion de l'intelligence artificielle.<\/p><p>Les centres de donn\u00e9es ont besoin d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 non seulement pour alimenter les serveurs qui traitent l'information, mais aussi pour faire fonctionner les syst\u00e8mes de refroidissement, de stockage, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d'alimentation \u00e9lectrique de secours.<\/p><p>\u00c0 l'\u00e9chelle internationale, l'Agence internationale de l'\u00e9nergie pr\u00e9voit une forte croissance de la consommation \u00e9lectrique de ces installations au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es. En Espagne, le gouvernement lui-m\u00eame estime que les besoins en puissance de calcul li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'intelligence artificielle \u00e0 l'horizon 2030 n\u00e9cessiteraient une demande \u00e9lectrique comprise entre 3,5 et 4 GW, bien que les demandes et les autorisations existantes d\u00e9passent largement ce chiffre.<\/p><p>Cela a conduit l'ex\u00e9cutif \u00e0 poser de nouvelles conditions pour le d\u00e9veloppement des centres de donn\u00e9es.<\/p><h2>Le gouvernement pr\u00e9pare de nouvelles exigences en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9.<\/h2><p>En ao\u00fbt 2026, le minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un projet de d\u00e9cret royal visant \u00e0 fixer des exigences en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et environnementale ainsi que de r\u00e9silience pour les centres de donn\u00e9es.<\/p><p>Parmi les mesures propos\u00e9es figure l'obligation pour ces installations de couvrir leur consommation gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s de production d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable. Le projet pr\u00e9voit que les centres de donn\u00e9es couvrent, pour chaque heure de fonctionnement, 80 % de leur consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique par de l'\u00e9nergie renouvelable issue de nouvelles installations, tout en respectant certains crit\u00e8res d'efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et hydrique.<\/p><p>Cette proposition r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une pr\u00e9occupation croissante : que l'essor de l'intelligence artificielle et des services num\u00e9riques entra\u00eene une hausse de la demande d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, contraignant \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 des technologies plus \u00e9mettrices ou cr\u00e9ant des tensions suppl\u00e9mentaires sur les r\u00e9seaux.<\/p><h2>La Galice face \u00e0 une opportunit\u00e9 et un d\u00e9fi \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques<\/h2><p>L'arriv\u00e9e de nouveaux centres de donn\u00e9es peut repr\u00e9senter une opportunit\u00e9 pour la Galice, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 de production d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable, sa position g\u00e9ographique et le d\u00e9veloppement de ses infrastructures num\u00e9riques.<\/p><p>Toutefois, la croissance du secteur impose \u00e9galement de renforcer la planification \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. L'enjeu ne se limite plus \u00e0 disposer de terrains ou \u00e0 attirer des investissements ; il s'agit de garantir une puissance \u00e9lectrique suffisante, des capacit\u00e9s de raccordement et un r\u00e9seau capable de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une forte demande sans compromettre les autres usages.<\/p><p>Le d\u00e9fi consistera \u00e0 faire en sorte que le d\u00e9veloppement des centres de donn\u00e9es s'accompagne de nouvelles infrastructures \u00e9lectriques, de capacit\u00e9s de production renouvelable et de m\u00e9canismes de gestion de la demande.<\/p><p>\u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, l'\u00e9volution de la Galice illustrera l'un des grands d\u00e9fis de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique : comment fournir une \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 propre et en quantit\u00e9 suffisante \u00e0 une \u00e9conomie de plus en plus num\u00e9rique, sans surcharger les r\u00e9seaux existants.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La croissance des centres de donn\u00e9es li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'intelligence artificielle accro\u00eet les besoins en puissance \u00e9lectrique en Galice et pose de nouveaux d\u00e9fis pour le r\u00e9seau.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[232],"tags":[387,396,233,399,386,397,398,104],"class_list":["post-4464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energia","tag-centros-de-datos","tag-electricidad","tag-energia","tag-galicia","tag-inteligencia-artificial","tag-red-electrica","tag-renovables","tag-transicion-energetica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Centros de datos 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