{"id":4341,"date":"2026-08-28T08:57:22","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T08:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arelianews.com\/?p=4341"},"modified":"2026-08-28T17:01:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T17:01:40","slug":"les-etats-unis-font-pression-sur-leurope-pour-quelle-assouplisse-ses-lois-sur-la-responsabilite-societale-des-entreprises","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arelianews.com\/fr\/legislacion\/ee-uu-presiona-a-europa-para-rebajar-sus-leyes-de-sostenibilidad-empresarial\/","title":{"rendered":"Les \u00c9tats-Unis font pression sur l'Europe pour qu'elle assouplisse ses normes en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable."},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4341\" class=\"elementor elementor-4341\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122f6d9 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-bd06023\" data-id=\"122f6d9\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"122f6d9\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b963dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b963dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La bataille commerciale entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et l'Union europ\u00e9enne entre dans une nouvelle ar\u00e8ne : celle de la l\u00e9gislation sur le d\u00e9veloppement durable des entreprises.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Ces derni\u00e8res semaines, Washington a accentu\u00e9 la pression sur Bruxelles pour r\u00e9duire la port\u00e9e de certaines r\u00e8gles europ\u00e9ennes qui obligent les grandes entreprises \u00e0 rendre compte de leurs impacts environnementaux et sociaux et \u00e0 identifier les risques pour les droits humains et l'environnement dans leurs cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Le d\u00e9bat affecte particuli\u00e8rement deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments fondamentaux du cadre r\u00e9glementaire europ\u00e9en\u00a0: la directive sur le reporting de durabilit\u00e9 des entreprises (CSRD) et la directive sur le devoir de vigilance en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9 des entreprises (CSDDD).<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">L'enjeu d\u00e9passe largement le cadre d'un diff\u00e9rend technique sur la bureaucratie des entreprises. Il s'agit du mod\u00e8le que l'Europe souhaite appliquer \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale des entreprises et de la mesure dans laquelle ces r\u00e8gles peuvent affecter les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res op\u00e9rant sur le march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en.<\/p><h2>Washington exige davantage de concessions de Bruxelles<\/h2><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Les \u00c9tats-Unis estiment que certaines obligations europ\u00e9ennes ont une port\u00e9e extraterritoriale et peuvent imposer des co\u00fbts suppl\u00e9mentaires aux entreprises am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">L'ambassadeur des \u00c9tats-Unis aupr\u00e8s de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, Andrew Puzder, a exhort\u00e9 Bruxelles \u00e0 modifier les r\u00e8gles europ\u00e9ennes en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable et a indiqu\u00e9 que Washington attendait de l'UE qu'elle respecte ses engagements concernant les barri\u00e8res non tarifaires au commerce. Reuters a rapport\u00e9 le 14 ao\u00fbt que les \u00c9tats-Unis insistaient particuli\u00e8rement sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de modifier la directive CSRD et la directive CSDDD.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Parmi les exigences am\u00e9ricaines figurent la limitation de la port\u00e9e de certaines obligations impos\u00e9es aux entreprises am\u00e9ricaines et la pr\u00e9vention de l'application g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e des r\u00e8gles europ\u00e9ennes \u00e0 leurs activit\u00e9s en dehors de l'UE.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La pression s'\u00e9tend \u00e9galement \u00e0 d'autres mesures environnementales europ\u00e9ennes, notamment au m\u00e9canisme d'ajustement carbone aux fronti\u00e8res (MACF), l'un des outils par lesquels l'UE entend emp\u00eacher que les importations en provenance de pays aux exigences climatiques moins strictes ne cr\u00e9ent un d\u00e9savantage concurrentiel pour les producteurs europ\u00e9ens.<\/p><h2>L'Europe a d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9duit certaines de ses exigences<\/h2><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cependant, ces pressions am\u00e9ricaines interviennent apr\u00e8s que l'Union europ\u00e9enne elle-m\u00eame a entrepris une importante r\u00e9vision de sa l\u00e9gislation en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Bruxelles a approuv\u00e9 Omnibus I en f\u00e9vrier 2026, un ensemble de mesures l\u00e9gislatives visant \u00e0 simplifier les obligations d'information et de vigilance des entreprises et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les charges administratives qui leur sont impos\u00e9es. Le Conseil de l'UE a confirm\u00e9 l'approbation d\u00e9finitive de cette r\u00e9forme le 24 f\u00e9vrier.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La nouvelle l\u00e9gislation modifie le champ d'application de la CSRD et de la CSDDD et vise \u00e0 limiter ce que l'on appelle \u00ab l'effet cascade \u00bb, selon lequel les obligations des grandes entreprises finissaient par affecter \u00e9galement les petites entreprises int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u00e0 leurs cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La Commission europ\u00e9enne estime que les mesures de simplification relatives aux rapports de durabilit\u00e9, au devoir de vigilance et \u00e0 d'autres r\u00e8gles pourraient g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des \u00e9conomies de co\u00fbts administratifs d'environ 4,5 milliards d'euros par an.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Par cons\u00e9quent, le d\u00e9bat actuel ne s'appuie pas sur une l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne intacte. Le cadre l\u00e9gislatif a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duit par rapport aux propositions initiales.<\/p><h2>Que sont CSRD et CSDDD\u00a0?<\/h2><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La directive CSRD d\u00e9finit les r\u00e8gles selon lesquelles certaines entreprises doivent rendre compte des questions li\u00e9es au d\u00e9veloppement durable, notamment des aspects environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Son objectif est d'am\u00e9liorer la transparence et de permettre aux investisseurs, aux consommateurs et aux autres parties prenantes de mieux comprendre les impacts et les risques associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l'activit\u00e9 commerciale.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La directive CSDDD, quant \u00e0 elle, est ax\u00e9e sur le devoir de vigilance. Son objectif est d'inciter les grandes entreprises \u00e0 identifier, pr\u00e9venir, att\u00e9nuer et traiter certains impacts n\u00e9gatifs sur les droits humains et l'environnement li\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs activit\u00e9s et \u00e0 leurs cha\u00eenes de valeur. La directive europ\u00e9enne est initialement entr\u00e9e en vigueur en juillet 2024 et a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e ult\u00e9rieurement par une loi de simplification adopt\u00e9e en 2026.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Ces deux normes s'inscrivent dans la strat\u00e9gie europ\u00e9enne visant \u00e0 int\u00e9grer le d\u00e9veloppement durable dans les op\u00e9rations quotidiennes des entreprises.<\/p><h2>L'argument am\u00e9ricain\u00a0: comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 et souverainet\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire<\/h2><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La position de Washington repose principalement sur les pr\u00e9occupations relatives aux co\u00fbts que ces obligations pourraient engendrer pour les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines op\u00e9rant en Europe.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Les \u00c9tats-Unis soutiennent que certaines exigences europ\u00e9ennes peuvent devenir de facto des barri\u00e8res commerciales et exigent que les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines soient prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre certains effets extraterritoriaux de la l\u00e9gislation de l'UE.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cet argument renvoie \u00e0 une question plus large\u00a0: jusqu\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne peut-elle aller dans l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de r\u00e8gles qui conditionnent l\u2019activit\u00e9 des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res lorsqu\u2019elles souhaitent acc\u00e9der \u00e0 son march\u00e9\u00a0?<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Pour Bruxelles, toutefois, la capacit\u00e9 de fixer ses propres r\u00e8gles rel\u00e8ve de l'autonomie r\u00e9glementaire.<\/p><h2>Le d\u00e9veloppement durable en Europe est \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des chemins.<\/h2><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cette situation illustre l'un des dilemmes majeurs auxquels est actuellement confront\u00e9e la politique environnementale europ\u00e9enne.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">D\u2019une part, l\u2019UE vise \u00e0 maintenir des normes \u00e9lev\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9, de protection de l\u2019environnement, de droits de l\u2019homme et de transparence des entreprises.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Par ailleurs, les institutions europ\u00e9ennes s'efforcent de r\u00e9duire les lourdeurs bureaucratiques et d'am\u00e9liorer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des entreprises de l'UE face aux \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 la Chine et aux autres \u00e9conomies.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La simplification approuv\u00e9e en 2026 r\u00e9pond pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 cette seconde pr\u00e9occupation. Le Conseil de l\u2019UE a d\u00e9fendu cette r\u00e9forme comme un moyen de r\u00e9duire les charges administratives et de renforcer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne sans renoncer aux objectifs fondamentaux de la politique de d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Le probl\u00e8me est de trouver le juste \u00e9quilibre.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">All\u00e9ger les obligations peut faciliter la mise en conformit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts, notamment pour les entreprises qui jugent les exigences en mati\u00e8re de rapports et de diligence raisonnable trop complexes. Cependant, une r\u00e9duction excessive pourrait \u00e9galement limiter la capacit\u00e9 de la l\u00e9gislation \u00e0 garantir une identification r\u00e9elle des impacts environnementaux et sociaux.<\/p><h2>Un diff\u00e9rend qui d\u00e9passe les fronti\u00e8res des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/h2><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La confrontation entre Washington et Bruxelles a \u00e9galement des r\u00e9percussions sur l'ensemble du march\u00e9 mondial.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable a traditionnellement un impact qui d\u00e9passe les fronti\u00e8res de l'Union. Les entreprises multinationales souhaitant op\u00e9rer en Europe doivent se conformer \u00e0 certaines normes europ\u00e9ennes, ce qui peut, en fin de compte, \u00e9tendre ces exigences \u00e0 leurs fournisseurs et partenaires commerciaux.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cela a fait de l'UE l'un des acteurs mondiaux de premier plan en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9tablissement de normes r\u00e9glementaires li\u00e9es au d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La question est maintenant de savoir si l'Europe continuera d'utiliser ce pouvoir r\u00e9glementaire comme un outil pour impulser la transition vers une \u00e9conomie plus durable, ou si la pression exerc\u00e9e pour am\u00e9liorer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 conduira \u00e0 une nouvelle r\u00e9duction de ses exigences.<\/p><h2>L'Europe devra d\u00e9cider jusqu'o\u00f9 peut aller la simplification.<\/h2><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Les pressions am\u00e9ricaines ajoutent une nouvelle dimension \u00e0 un d\u00e9bat qui \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 ouvert au sein m\u00eame de l'Union europ\u00e9enne.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La simplification des directives CSRD et CSDDD d\u00e9montre que Bruxelles est dispos\u00e9e \u00e0 revoir ses r\u00e8gles lorsqu'elle estime qu'elles peuvent imposer une charge excessive aux entreprises. Cependant, les institutions europ\u00e9ennes ont \u00e9galement clairement indiqu\u00e9 que l'autonomie r\u00e9glementaire n'est pas n\u00e9gociable.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">L'issue de ce diff\u00e9rend aura des r\u00e9percussions non seulement sur les entreprises am\u00e9ricaines et europ\u00e9ennes, mais aussi sur l'\u00e9volution du mod\u00e8le europ\u00e9en de d\u00e9veloppement durable des entreprises dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p><p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">La question fondamentale est simple, mais ses cons\u00e9quences sont \u00e9normes : l\u2019Europe peut-elle r\u00e9duire la bureaucratie des entreprises sans pour autant r\u00e9duire simultan\u00e9ment ses ambitions environnementales ?<\/p><p>La r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette question fa\u00e7onnera une grande partie de la politique europ\u00e9enne de d\u00e9veloppement durable dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La pression am\u00e9ricaine sur la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable des entreprises s'intensifie. Washington exige de nouvelles exemptions pour ses entreprises, tandis que Bruxelles d\u00e9fend son autonomie r\u00e9glementaire.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[221],"tags":[85,318,317,319,320,322,321,316,188,201],"class_list":["post-4341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legislacion","tag-cambio-climatico","tag-csddd","tag-csrd","tag-empresas","tag-esg","tag-estados-unidos","tag-green-deal","tag-legislacion-europea","tag-sostenibilidad","tag-union-europea"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EE. 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