{"id":3930,"date":"2026-05-28T07:28:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T07:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arelianews.com\/?p=3930"},"modified":"2026-07-15T17:05:52","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T17:05:52","slug":"taiwan-promeut-lenergie-solaire-flottante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arelianews.com\/fr\/energia\/taiwan-impulsa-la-energia-solar-flotante\/","title":{"rendered":"Ta\u00efwan mise sur l'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante : celle-ci produit 121 % d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en plus et s'impose d\u00e9j\u00e0 comme l'avenir des \u00e9nergies renouvelables"},"content":{"rendered":"
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L'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante vient de faire un grand pas en avant gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un projet innovant d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les centrales solaires install\u00e9es en mer peuvent produire jusqu'\u00e0 121 % d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en plus que les installations photovolta\u00efques traditionnelles situ\u00e9es sur la terre ferme, tout en offrant une meilleure rentabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n

L'avanc\u00e9e suscite un \u00e9norme int\u00e9r\u00eat international car elle pourrait transformer la mani\u00e8re dont l'\u00e9nergie renouvelable est produite dans les pays o\u00f9 le terrain est limit\u00e9. Les experts estiment que cette technologie repr\u00e9sente l'une des solutions les plus prometteuses pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sans occuper de vastes surfaces terrestres.<\/p>\n

Comment fonctionne l'\u00e9nergie solaire marine flottante<\/h2>\n

L'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante consiste \u00e0 installer des panneaux photovolta\u00efques sur des structures flottantes situ\u00e9es dans des r\u00e9servoirs, des lacs ou directement sur la mer. Dans le cas du projet ta\u00efwanais, la centrale a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans une baie prot\u00e9g\u00e9e \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur d'une zone industrielle c\u00f4ti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

La principale d\u00e9couverte de l'\u00e9tude est que l'environnement marin am\u00e9liore consid\u00e9rablement les performances des panneaux solaires. L'eau et les courants d'air agissent comme des refroidisseurs naturels, emp\u00eachant la surchauffe des modules photovolta\u00efques.<\/p>\n

Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement important car les panneaux solaires perdent de l'efficacit\u00e9 lorsqu'ils atteignent des temp\u00e9ratures trop \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'effet de refroidissement de l'eau, les syst\u00e8mes flottants peuvent travailler dans des conditions plus stables pendant plus d'heures par jour.<\/p>\n

Ta\u00efwan d\u00e9montre que la mer peut produire plus d'\u00e9nergie que la terre<\/h2>\n

Les recherches men\u00e9es par des scientifiques de l'Universit\u00e9 nationale de technologie de Taipei ont compar\u00e9 directement une centrale solaire terrestre et une installation solaire flottante en mer en utilisant la m\u00eame capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de 100 MWc.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats furent sans appel :<\/p>\n

    \n
  • La centrale flottante a produit 121 TP3T d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en plus.<\/li>\n
  • La r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de CO\u2082 a \u00e9t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure.<\/li>\n
  • La rentabilit\u00e9 nette a finalement \u00e9t\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e malgr\u00e9 l'augmentation des co\u00fbts d'exploitation.<\/li>\n
  • La stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique s'est am\u00e9lior\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce aux conditions marines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Les chercheurs soulignent que le projet d\u00e9montre la faisabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle du transfert d'une partie de la production d'\u00e9nergies renouvelables en mer, notamment dans les territoires dens\u00e9ment peupl\u00e9s ou manquant de terres.<\/p>\n

    Le grand probl\u00e8me de l'\u00e9nergie solaire terrestre : l'espace disponible<\/h2>\n

    L'un des plus grands d\u00e9fis pour \u00e9tendre l'\u00e9nergie solaire est l'immense superficie requise par les centrales photovolta\u00efques traditionnelles. Des pays comme Ta\u00efwan, le Japon, la Cor\u00e9e du Sud ou Singapour ont peu de territoire disponible et de fortes contraintes pour construire de grands parcs solaires sans affecter les zones agricoles, urbaines ou naturelles.<\/p>\n

    L'\u00e9nergie solaire marine permet de r\u00e9soudre une partie de ce probl\u00e8me en exploitant des surfaces aquatiques d\u00e9j\u00e0 alt\u00e9r\u00e9es par l'activit\u00e9 humaine ou des zones maritimes \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de zones industrielles et c\u00f4ti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

    De plus, les centrales flottantes peuvent \u00eatre situ\u00e9es \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de grands centres de consommation d'\u00e9nergie, ce qui r\u00e9duit les co\u00fbts de transport d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et am\u00e9liore l'efficacit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux.<\/p>\n

    Les d\u00e9fis techniques de l'installation de panneaux solaires en mer<\/h2>\n

    Bien que les avantages soient importants, l'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante marine pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement des d\u00e9fis technologiques consid\u00e9rables. L'environnement marin est beaucoup plus agressif que les installations terrestres en raison de :<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Corrosion due \u00e0 la salinit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l'humidit\u00e9.<\/li>\n
    • Impact des houles et des temp\u00eates.<\/li>\n
    • Accumulation de d\u00e9chets et d'excr\u00e9ments d'oiseaux.<\/li>\n
    • Besoin de structures flexibles et r\u00e9sistantes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Les chercheurs estiment que la construction d'une centrale solaire marine peut co\u00fbter environ 301 % de plus qu'une installation conventionnelle \u00e0 terre. Cependant, l'augmentation de la production d'\u00e9nergie et l'am\u00e9lioration du rendement compensent une grande partie de ces co\u00fbts sur la dur\u00e9e de vie du projet.<\/p>\n

      \u00c9nergie solaire et \u00e9olienne offshore : la combinaison qui peut changer l'avenir de l'\u00e9nergie<\/h2>\n

      De nombreux experts estiment que l'avenir des \u00e9nergies renouvelables passera par la combinaison de l'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante avec des parcs \u00e9oliens offshore d\u00e9j\u00e0 install\u00e9s dans de nombreux pays.<\/p>\n

      L'avantage de ce syst\u00e8me hybride est qu'il permet de mieux \u00e9quilibrer la production d'\u00e9nergie :<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Lorsque le vent diminue, le rayonnement solaire augmente g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement.<\/li>\n
      • Lorsque la production solaire diminue, le vent peut maintenir la production d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ceci am\u00e9liore la stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et r\u00e9duit la d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis des combustibles fossiles ou des syst\u00e8mes de stockage.<\/p>\n

        L'Europe et l'Asie acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent les investissements dans l'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante<\/h2>\n

        Le succ\u00e8s du projet ta\u00efwanais stimule de nouveaux d\u00e9veloppements dans diff\u00e9rents pays. La Chine, les Pays-Bas, l'Allemagne et le Japon travaillent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur des technologies flottantes capables de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des conditions maritimes extr\u00eames.<\/p>\n

        L'Europe augmente \u00e9galement ses investissements dans ce secteur dans le cadre de ses strat\u00e9gies de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et de d\u00e9carbonisation.<\/p>\n

        En plus de produire de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 propre, l'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante pourrait r\u00e9duire les conflits d'utilisation des terres et limiter l'impact visuel des grandes centrales solaires terrestres.<\/p>\n

        L'avenir de l'\u00e9nergie renouvelable pourrait se trouver en mer<\/h2>\n

        L'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante en est encore \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, mais les r\u00e9sultats obtenus \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan renforcent l'id\u00e9e que la mer pourrait devenir une nouvelle fronti\u00e8re \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mondiale.<\/p>\n

        La combinaison d'une efficacit\u00e9 accrue, d'une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions et d'une meilleure utilisation de l'espace fait de cette technologie une alternative particuli\u00e8rement attrayante pour les pays c\u00f4tiers et les r\u00e9gions \u00e0 forte densit\u00e9 de population.<\/p>\n

        Les experts s'accordent \u00e0 dire que l'innovation dans les mat\u00e9riaux, la maintenance et les structures flottantes sera d\u00e9terminante pour r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts et acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en place de ces usines dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n

        Avec des projets de plus en plus avanc\u00e9s et performants, l'\u00e9nergie solaire marine commence \u00e0 s'affirmer comme l'un des principaux paris pour l'avenir des \u00e9nergies renouvelables.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Ta\u00efwan d\u00e9montre que l'\u00e9nergie solaire flottante en mer peut produire 121 % d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en plus et offrir une meilleure rentabilit\u00e9 que les centrales solaires terrestres.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[232],"tags":[112,108,105,99,100,110,106,103,107,111,102,109,101,104],"class_list":["post-3930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energia","tag-electricidad-renovable","tag-energia-limpia-taiwan","tag-energia-renovable-marina","tag-energia-solar-flotante","tag-energia-solar-marina","tag-energia-solar-mas-eficiente","tag-energia-solar-offshore","tag-fotovoltaica-flotante","tag-innovacion-energetica","tag-paneles-solares-en-el-mar","tag-paneles-solares-flotantes","tag-renovables-marinas","tag-taiwan-energia-solar","tag-transicion-energetica"],"yoast_head":"\nTaiw\u00e1n impulsa la energ\u00eda solar flotante: 12% m\u00e1s electricidad<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Taiw\u00e1n demuestra que la energ\u00eda solar 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